Magna Pasionista (Great Passion Procession)

Participating imaginery

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 1 Our Father Jesus on His Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem

 (Talleres de Olot – 1928)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Brotherhood of Our Father Jesus on His Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem (Cofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús en su Entrada Triunfal en Jerusalén)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Major Parish Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle 
  • Approximate procession distance: 1,53 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: White tunica and capirote bearing the brotherhood’s emblem
  • Manijero: Francisco Arjona 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Francisco Escudero
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Palm Sunday 
  • Brief History: 

The image, affectionately known as La Pollinita, is one of the most beloved and recognisable figures of Holy Week in Lucena. It was created in 1928 by the renowned Taller de Arte Cristiano de Olot (Girona), one of the most distinguished centres of Spanish religious sculpture in the 20th century. Since then, it has become one of the most enduring symbols of Palm Sunday in Lucena. 

The figure of Jesus depicts the moment of His Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, riding on a donkey, from which the image takes its popular name, La Pollinita. Made from wood pulp, the image portrays Christ with a serene bearing and a gentle yet dignified expression. In His left hand He holds a palm branch, the unmistakable symbol of Palm Sunday, while His right hand is raised in a gesture of blessing. His head is crowned with a golden halo, an original feature that has been preserved since the image was first created. One of the image’s most distinctive features is the golden lead rope, which was added during the 1995 restoration. This restoration, together with an earlier intervention in 1993, was carried out by the religious sculptor Antonio Ortega Lozano, who succeded in restoring the image to its former splendour while preserving the original style that has made it so beloved by the faithful. 

The processional throne carrying ‘La Pollinita’ is a Neo-Baroque work in mahogany-toned wood, carved by Agustín Luque, a woodcarver from Lucena. It is richly adorned with carved motifs depicting both Palm Sunday and scenes from Christ’s Passion. Among its most striking features are its white opaline glass lampshades, which cast a warm, gentle light, creating an atmosphere that enhaces the beauty and solemnity of the scene. This processional throne has been carefully preserved and adapted over the years, always respecting its original design, which has established it as one of the jewels of Lucena’s processional art.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 2 Our Father Jesus in the Sacred Washing of the Feet

(De Mena Medrano, P. – 17th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Confraternity of the Holy Faith, Our Father Jesus in the Sacred Washing of the Feet, and Our Father Jesus the Prisoner (Cofradía de la Santa Fe, Nuestro Padre Jesús en el Sagrado Lavatorio y Nuestro Padre Jesús Preso)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Trinitarian Hermitage of God the Father 
  • Approximate procession distance: 0.9 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 28
  • Santeros’ tunic: Purple tunic and ‘capirote’ (conical headwear)
  • Manijero: Juan Antonio Cantero 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: José Luis Martos Onieva 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Thursday 
  • Brief History: 

The Brotherhood of the Holy Faith traces its origins to the ancient Brotherhood of the Vera Cruz, founded in 1554, the earliest Passion brotherhood of Holy Week in Lucena. In 1980, a group of young people founded the present-day Brotherhood of the Holy Faith, which was initially established at Santiago Parish Church. In 1989, the brotherhood moved to the Hermitage of God the Father, which it fully restored and established as its canonical seat. The brotherhood’s other titular images are the Allegory of the Holy Faith and Our Father Jesus the Prisoner, the latter of which does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The sculptural group of the Sacred Washing of the Feet was donated by Luis de Guzmán y Soto, Head (Hermano Mayor) of the former Brotherhood of the Vera Cruz and accountant to the Duke of Medinaceli. He also donated the cedarwood cross that once led the Holy Thursday procession and today accompanies the Allegory of the Holy Faith. Incorporated into the Brotherhoood in the late 1980, it was carried in procession for the first time in 1981, following decades of only occasional processional appearances. The image, attributed ―though without documentary evidence― to the Granada born sculptor Pedro de Mena y Medrano, depicts Jesus kneeling before Saint Peter, washing his feet in a silver basin. The Apostle is seated on a gilded Baroque armchair, bearing the pontificial insignia. The carving of Saint Peter’s head is particularly noteworthy. 

En 1985, a Neo-Baroque processional throne, was introduced. It was crafted by the Lucena silversmiths Angulo in silver- and gold-plated metal, featuring Passion emblems and tree-shaped candelabra adorned with acanthus leaves. It is carried by 28 ‘santeros’ and faces a particularly challenging departure due to the narrow doorway of the Hermitage.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 3 Our Father Jesus in His Agony Praying in the Garden

(Luque Bonillo, M. – 1996)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Royal Confraternity of Our Father Jesus in His Agony Praying in the Garden, Blessed Virgin Mary of the Star, and Saint Innocent the Martyr (Real Cofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús de la Agonía Orando en el Huerto, María Santísima de la Estrella y San Inocencio Mártir)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Parish Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán
  • Approximate procession distance: 0.8 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 28
  • Santeros’ tunic: Olive-green tunic and capirote; gold cord
  • Manijero: Rafael Osuna 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Miguel Ramírez Jiménez 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Palm Sunday 
  • Brief History: 

The Royal Brotherhood of Our Father Jesus Praying in the Garden was founded on 1st June 1990 at the Parish Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán by a group of young devotees of the mystery of Jesus Praying in the Garden. Its titular images are completed by Most Holy Mary of the Star (María Santísima de la Estrella), who does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The titular image was created by Manuel Luque Bonillo in 1996 and blessed on 7th January of that year. It is an image for dressing, notable for its expressive features and carved from cedar wood. In 2008, the artist himself reworked the body to create a fully carved anatomy and retouched the polychromy and the face to some of its features. In 1997, Luque Bonillo created the polychromed image of the Comforting Angel, which was adjusted in proportion in 1999 and 2014. The cross and the chalice held by the image were crafted by the Juan Angulo workshops. In 2015, the figure of the Apostles Peter, James, and John, also by Luque Bonillo, were added to the mystery processional throne.

The Garden processional throne was crafted in 2004. The understructure (‘parihuelón’) was crafted by Antonio Morillo, with the design by José Carlos Rubio and the carved figures of the prophets by Manuel Luque Bonillo. Crafted from cedar wood, it features curving lines and vegetal ornamentation. It is adorned with cherubs, painted cartouches, and carved figures of the prophets. The lighting is provided by tree-shaped candelabra and side candle branches.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 4 Our Father Jesus of Charity

(López del Espino, F.J. – 2015)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Brotherhood of Nazarenes of Our Father Jesus of Charity and Our Lady of Sorrows (Hermandad de Nazarenos de Nuestro Padre Jesús de la Caridad y Nuestra Señora de las Tristezas)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Major Parish Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle 
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.53 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: Cobalt-blue tunic and capirote
  • Manijero: Rubén Sánchez 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Manuel Franco
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Thursday  
  • Brief History: 

The Brotherhood of Nazarenes of Our Father Jesus of Charity was founded in 2013 through the devotion of a group of young members of Lucena’s brotherhoods who, moved by a profound spiritual and devotional calling, resolved to establish a new penitential brotherhood.

On 8th March 2015, the image of Our Father Jesus of Charity was blessed. It is a life-size image for dressing, carved from cedar wood by the Lucena sculptor Francisco Javier López del Espino. The image depicts the Gospel episode of Herod’s Mockery of Jesus, portraying Christ as a captive with His hands bound behind His back, shown in mid-stride, with His gaze lowered and a serene expression that reflects the dignity of One who surrenders without resistance to the unjust judgment to worldly power. In 2018, the Brotherhood made its first Penitential Procession on Holy Thursday. Seeking to represent the episode of Christ’s trial before Herod more faithfully, the Brotherhood took a further step in its iconography in 2022 with the addition of the image of King Herod, also carved from cedar wood by Francisco Javier López del Espino. The Brotherhood plans to complete this sculptural group with the addition of the figure of a Herodian guard, which is currently in development.

On Holy Thursday 2019, the Brotherhood unveiled its own processional throne: a mahogany wood structure acquired in Jerez de la Frontera. This processional throne was restored and adapted by the Lucina cabinetmaker Julián Valle Santamaría, who restored it to its former splendour while adapting it to the Brotherhood’s dimensions and style, thereby enhancing the artistic quality of its processional appearances.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 5 Our Father Jesus at the Column

(Roldán Onieva, P. – 1675)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Brotherhood and Confraternity of Our Father Jesus of the Column and Blessed Mary of Peace and Hope (Hermandad y Cofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús de la Columna y María Santísima de la Paz y Esperanza)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Parish Church of Saint James the Apostle
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.88 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: Cardinal-colour tunic and capirot; yellow cord
  • Manijero: Rafael Mangas 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Javier Sánchez 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Thursday 
  • Brief History: 

The present Brotherhood is the direct successor to the Venerable Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Peace, the Holy Vera Cruz, Death and Prayer (Venerable Archicofradía de Nuestra Señora de la Paz, Santa Vera Cruz y Muerte y Oración). Following the decline of the Archconfraternity, a group of Brotherhood members from Lucena promoted the foundation of a new Brotherhood in March 1923. The Brotherhood also has Most Holy Mary of Peace and Hope as one of its titualr images, although she does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

Our Father Jesus at the Column is a fully carved, polychromed cedar wood image created by the Baroque master Pedro Roldán between 1674 and 1675. It was commissioned by the former Brotherhood for 2750 reales and polychromed by Bernabé Jiménez de Illescas. The image depicts Christ bound to a low column, in a walking pose, with an expressive countenance of suffering and remarkable anatomical realism. From the time of its arrival in Lucena, it was venerated in the now-lost Hermitage of Our Lady of Peace and the Vera Cruz. Today, it is venerated in the Parish Church of Saint James the Apostle, where it has its own altar in the Epistle aisle. The image has undergone several restorations, most notably those carried out by José Ribera in 1972 and by Pedro Manzano Beltrán in two phases between 2022 and 2025, focusing on its structural conservation.

The Lord’s processional throne, with its octagonal structure in silvered metal, was crafted by Casa Meneses. The upper tier, unveiled in 1924, features Passion symbols such as the column, the cock and the Crown of Thorns. In 1930, the lower tier, decorated with vegetal ornamentation, was added. Originally, the throne was fitted with 18 candelabra and 8 cerifer angels. It currently features 4 nine-light candelabra and 4 three-light ones, restored by the local workshop Paula Orfebres. The image stands on a wooden pedestal clad in metal.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 6 Most Holy Christ of the Humiliation

(Muñoz de Toro, P. – 19th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Confraternity of the Most Holy Christ of the Humiliation and Our Lady of Sorrows ‘Servites’ (Cofradía del Santísimo Cristo de la Humillación y Nuestra Señora de los Dolores “Servitas”)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Major Parish Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle 
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.54 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: Maroon tunic; black cord
  • Manijero: Francisco José Pineda 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Francisco Bergillos 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Tuesday 
  • Brief History: 

The present Brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of the Humiliation and Our Lady of Sorrows (Servites) was established in 1975 through the merger of two entities: the former Servite Congregation of Our Lady of Sorrows and the Brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of the Humiliation. The Brotherhood also has Our Lady of Sorrows ‘Servitas’ as one of its titular images, although she does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The image of the Most Holy Christ of the Humiliation depicts the moment when Jesus, after being scourged at the column, is released from it and falls to the ground to gather up His garments. Iconographically, this episode is very rarely represented, with only a few examples found throughout Andalusia. The image is the work of the Lucena artist Pedro Muñoz de Toro, dating from the first half of the 19th century. The mystery is completed by two Roman centurions, carved by Ventura Gómez Rodríguez in 2004, replacing earlier figures of inferior artistic quality. 

The processional throne of the Most Holy Christ of the Humiliation was acquired in 1973 from the Angulo workshops. Crafted in repoussé silvered metal, it features gilded details, including cherub angels and medallions depicting scenes of the Passion on its four sides. To mark the Brotherhood’s fiftieth anniversary in 2025, the processional throne underwent an extensive restoration and redesign, during which it was finished with a coating of 24-carat gold. In addition, the original candelabra were replaced with Neo-Baroque examples featuring carved bases and arms inspired by the cornucopia, each surmounted by bunches of fruit. These new candelabra, also gilded, number six and are of varying sizes. The work was carried out by the Orfebres Gradit workshops under the artistic direction of Antonio Budia Sabán, and was funded largely through donations from numerous members of the Brotherhood.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 7 Our Father Jesus of Humility

(De Mena Medrano, P. and his circle – 17th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Venerable and Illustrious Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Venerable e Ilustre Archicofradía de Nuestra Señora del Carmen)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Parish Church of Saint James the Apostle (its canonical seat is the Parish Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, where its procession concludes)
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.91 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: Carmelite brown tunic and capirote
  • Manijero: Francisco Escribano 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Alejandro Calvillo Rivas 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Tuesday 
  • Brief History: 

The Archconfraternity was founded in 1606, making it one of the oldest and most distinguished Brotherhoods in Lucena. Its titular images are completed by Our Father Jesus in His Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, Most Holy Mary of Sorrows, and Our Lady of Mount Carmel (a devotional image of glory), none of which take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The image of Our Father Jesus of Humility, attributed to the sculptor Pedro de Mena and dating from the 17th century, is an outstanding example of the Granada School. This image is distinguished by the delicacy of its execution and, above all, by the profound expression of meekness and contemplation conveyed in the Lord’s face, making it a work of great devotional and artistic significance within the religious imagery of Lucena’s Holy Week.

The processional throne of Our Father Jesus of Humility, created in 2000 from a design by Fernando Moreno, is executed in the Neo-Rococo style characteristic of Lucena’s tradition. Crafted in gilded wood, it incorporates mirrored inlays that enhace the richness of its ornamentation, in keeping with the Baroque aesthetic that is distinctive of Lucena. The work combines the elegance of contemporary design with the traditional visual language of the town’s Brotherhood heritage.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 8 Our Father Jesus of Goodness

(Romero Zafra, F. – 1995)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Sacramental Brotherhood of Nazarenes of the Sacred Encounter of Our Father Jesus of Goodness, Blessed Mary of Divine Consolation, Saint John the Evangelist, and Saint Philip Neri (Hermandad Sacramental de Nazarenos del Sagrado Encuentro de Nuestro Padre Jesús de la Bondad, María Santísima del Divino Consuelo, San Juan Evangelista y San Felipe Neri)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Chapel of the Philippians 
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.78 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 28
  • Santeros’ tunic: Natural-coloured tunic and black capirote
  • Manijero: Rafael Peñalver 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Roque Carrasco 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Palm Sunday 
  • Brief History: 

The Brotherhood was founded in Lucena in 1992 through the initiative of the young Brotherhood member Antonio Medina Orellana, together with other enthusiasts from the Parish Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán. The Brotherhoods also has Most Holy Mary of Divine Consolation and Saint John the Evangelist as titular images, although neither takes part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The image of Jesus of Goodness, created in 1996 by the Cordoban religious sculptor Francisco Romero Zafra, depicts an allegorical scene in which Christ embraces the Cross, giving visual form to the Fourth Station of the Cross. This iconography also reflects the popular name by which the Brotherhood is known. Since its unveiling that same year, the image has taken part in the Penitential Procession every Palm Sunday. For the Great Passion Procession, the Lord will wear for the first time a new corinth red tunic embroidered in gold, designed by Javier Aguilar Cejas and embroidered by the Córdoba workshop Artesanía San Eloy.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 9 Our Father Jesus the Nazarene

(Anonymous image dating from the mid-16th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Venerable Archconfraternity of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene (Venerable Archicofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Chapel of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.41 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 26
  • Santeros’ tunic: Purple tunic and capirote
  • Manijero: Francisco Javier Ruiz 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Juan Torres Tenllado
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Good Friday 
  • Brief History: 

The Venerable Archconfraternity of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene was founded on 14th March 1599, although its origins date back to the early 16th century, centred on the image of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene and now-lost Recumbent Christ, within the Brotherhood of the Great Power of God (Hermandad del Gran Poder de Dios), which has based in the Hermitage of Saint Catherine, later converted into a Dominican convent and today known as the Church of Saint Peter Martyr. Towards the end of the 16th century, a group of Brotherhood members established a new Brotherhood under the patronage of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene. The Brotherhood’s other titular images are: Our Lady of Succour, Saint John the Evangelist, Saint Mary Magdalene; Saint Veronica, Our Lady of the Rosary, and Saint John Paul II, none of which take part in the Great Passion Procession. The Holy Burial of Our Lord Jesus Christ also belongs to the Brotherhood and will form part of the Official Cortège of the Great Passion Procession. 

The image of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene is a fully carved, slightly lager-than-life image for dressing. Its most distinctive feature is the articulation of its arms, added in the early 17th century by means of a spring mechanism that allows the Lord to impart His blessing to the faithful on the morning of Good Friday. Deeply and long venerated in Lucena, both its authorship and its exact date of execution remain unknown.

According to an analysis carried out by the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage, the style of the face ―elongated, perfectly symmetrical, and with finely detailed curls in the beard― suggest that the image was carved before the foundation of the Brotherhood in 1599. Its stylistic features, which combine elements characteristic of the late Gothic period and the early Renaissance, allow it to be dated to the first third of the 16th century, making it a transitional work between the two periods. It is a Mannerist work and is thought to be one of the earliest images for dressing depicting Jesus the Nazarene in Andalusia.

On 29th July 1972, the Brotherhood’s governing board approved the designs submitted by Casa Angulo for two new processional thrones, including the vases and candleholders for Our Father Jesus the Nazarene and Our Lady of Succour, at a total cost of 825000 pesetas. Following deliberation, it was resolved to proceed with the construction of the processional thrones, together with their corresponding understructures. The Finance Committee was entrusted with arranging the bank loans required for their funding, for which all members of the governing board assumed joint and several liability. The former Neo-Gothic processional throne of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene was acquired by the Brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of Love for 50000 pesetas. 

The image is venerated in the Chapel of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene and, during Holy Week, takes part in its penitential procession in the early hours of Good Friday, preceded by the call of the brotherhood members, led by the Brotherhood of Drummers of Lucena with its distinctive drumbeat and torralbo. Also of particular note is the traditional chanting of the ‘Miserere’, held every Friday of the year without exception. The Brotherhood is also the largest passion brotherhood in Lucena, with more than 2500 members accompanying Our Father Jesus the Nazarene in His processional departure, forming a true “purple tide”.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 10 Our Lady of Greatest Sorrow

(Castillo Lastrucci, A. – 1959)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Brotherhood of Nazarenes of the Most Holy Christ of the Blood and Blessed Mary of Greatest Sorrow (Hermandad de Nazarenos del Santísimo Cristo de la Sangre y María Santísima del Mayor Dolor)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Parish Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán  
  • Approximate procession distance: 0.8 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 28
  • Santeros’ tunic: White tunic and capirote; maroon cord
  • Manijero: Paco Serrano 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Óscar Montilla 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Thursday 
  • Brief History: 

The Brotherhood was officially founded on 25th July 1924, through the initiative of a group of friends from the Mercantile Club. It first official act was the ssolemn chanting of the ‘Miserere’, and the following year it organised a quinary together with the traditional Holy Thursday charitable luncheon, served by the Brotherhood members themselves. The Brotherhood’s titular images also include the Most Holy Christ of the Blood, an anonymous image dating from the late 16th century, brought from the New World, which does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The image of Most Holy Mary of Greatest Sorrow was created in 1959 by Antonio Castillo Lastrucci, one of the foremost sculptors of religious imagery in 20th century from Seville. She depicts the Sorrowful Virgin in a classical style. During its early years, the image took part in processions on the same processional throne as the Most Holy Christ of the Blood, but it was soon decided to provide her with a throne of her own.

It is a burgundy canopied processional throne adorned with richly embroidered gold decoration, enhancing the beauty of the image. The ensemble is regarded as one of the most striking artistic highlights of Lucena’s Holy Week.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 11 Our Father Jesus Fallen

(Granada School – 18th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Confraternity of Our Father Jesus Fallen and Our Lady of Health (Cofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús Caído y Nuestra Señora de la Salud)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Parish Church of Saint James the Apostle
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.87 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: Purple tunic and capirote; white cord
  • Manijero: Alejandro Oliva 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Ángel del Espino 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Thursday 
  • Brief History: 

Today, the Brotherhood of Our Father Jesus Fallen and Most Holy Mary of Health is a living institution which, although rooted in historic brotherhoods with a deep tradition in Lucena, has successfully projected itself forward since its refoundation in the final third of the 20th century, becoming firmly established as an integral part of Lucena’s Holy Week. The Brotherhood titular images also include Most Holy Mary of Health, who does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

Although the image of Our Father Jesus Fallen, an anonymous work attributed to the Granada School of the 17th century, historically belonged to the former Brotherhood of the Holy Vera Cruz, its survival is largely due to the care provide by the Blanes family, the image’s traditional ‘cuadrilleros’, and to its subsequent placement in the private oratory of the Álvarez de Sotomayor family. For decades, the image of Our Father Jesus Fallen made its Penitential Procession from various churches, and it was not until 1972 that the present Brotherhood was formally established. One of the most distinctive features of Our Father Jesus Fallen is His cross from 1719, clad in sgrafitto silver sheeting, which continues to accompany the image each Holy Week.

The processional throne of Our Father Jesus Fallen, in a Baroque style with abundant foliate ornamentation, was crafted in 2000 by the Angulo workshops. Among its most notable features are the cartouches depicting scenes from the life of Christ, together with the silvered lanterns dating from 1982.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 12 Our Father Jesus of the Valley

(Granada School – 19th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Confraternity of Our Father Jesus of the Valley and Blessed Mary of Sorrow (Cofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús del Valle y María Santísima de la Amargura) 
  • Church from which the procession departs: Franciscan Convent Church of Mother of God (its canonical seat is the Parish Church of the Holy Family)
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.02 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 26
  • Santeros’ tunic: White tunic; purple capirote and cord
  • Manijero: Manuel Muñoz
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Antonio Rueda López 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Wednesday 
  • Brief History: 

The Brotherhood of Our Father Jesus of the Valley and Most Holy Mary of Sorrow was founded in 1986 through the spiritual commitment and enthusiasm of a group of young friends, most of whom were vocational college students. The Brotherhood’s titular images also include Most Holy Mary of Sorrow, who does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The image of Our Father Jesus of the Valley is an image for dressing with a fully defined anatomy, articulated arms, and natural hair. It is attributed to an unknown religious sculptor, although it displays the influence of the Granada School of the 19th century. In 2018, the image underwent an extensive restoration, which included the cleaning and conservation of the head, the addition of new hands, and the creation of a fully carved body. Since then, the image has possessed a complete carved anatomy, enhancing both its expressive power and its artistic value. The image is accompanied by Simon of Cyrene, a new image that will make its debut in the Great Passion Procession and is currently being created by the religious sculptor José Daniel Henares. From then onwards, it will accompany the image of Christ in the Brotherhood’s Penitential Procession during Holy Week.

The processional throne of Our Father Jesus of the Valley was crafted by Orfebres Gradit of Lucena in a distinctly Neo-Baroque style. It is made of repoussé metal clad in sterling silver. The throne has a rectangular plan with eighth part corners and is arranged in three tiers. Each tier is enriched with mouldings and repoussé cartouches decorated with vegetal motifs. Particularly noteworthy on the second tier are the chased coats of arms referring to the Brotherhood and the Spanish National Police Corps.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 13 Our Father Jesus of the Crucifixion

(Muñoz de Toro, P. – 19th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Pious, Humble and Fervent Brotherhood and Confraternity of the Most Holy Christ of Love and Blessed Mary of Peace ‘Campanitas’ (Piadosa, Humilde y Fervorosa Hermandad y Cofradía del Santísimo Cristo del Amor y María Santísima de la Paz ‘Campanitas’)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Major Parish Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.47 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 28
  • Santeros’ tunic: Cardinal-coloured tunic and capirote; white cord
  • Manijero: Juan Romero 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Francisco Caro Puertas 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Tuesday 
  • Brief History: 

The Brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of Love was founded in Lucena in 1696 as a youth brotherhood linked to the Spanish Youth Organisation (OJE) The Brotherhood’s titular images also include Most Holy Christ of Love and Most Holy Mary of Peace “Campanitas”, neither of which takes part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The Crucifixion mystery, created by the religious sculptor Pedro Muñoz de Toro y Borrego (1796-1872), depicts the moments immediately preceding the Crucifixion and is of great artistic and iconographic significance for Lucena. After taking part in procession only once, in 1973, the mystery was restored by Salvador Guzmán Moral and was reinstated in 2014 as one of the Brotherhood’s principal treasures. To enhace its dramatic impact, the secondary figures were renewed during the tenure of José Luis Crespillo Guardeño. The new ensemble, created by Francisco Javier López del Espino, was unveiled on 15th March 2024, coinciding with the feast of Saint Longinus, the Roman centurion who, according to tradition, pierced Christ’s side and acknowledged His divinity. 

The processional throne of the Lord of the Crucifixion, created by Orfebres Gradit in 2014 to a design by Javier Aguilar, is a contemporary masterpiece that combines Baroque and Romantic styles inspired by the 18th and 19th centuries. Its decoration brings together geometric and vegetal motifs, including foliate ornament, scallop shells, and fleur-de-lis, symbols of royalty and spiritual purity. On the front and sides, oval cartouches with high-relief carvings by Adrián Valverde depict key scenes from the Passion: Christ Presented to the People, Christ Carrying the Cross, Calvary, and The Pietà. At the corners are busts of Four Evangelists with their traditional symbols, together forming the Tetramorph described in the Apocalypse of Saint John. Every element of the processional throne is imbued with profound symbolic meaning. 

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 14 Most Holy Christ of Health and Mercy - Silence

(Granada School – 18th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Confraternity and Brotherhood of Mourning Drummers of the Most Holy Christ of Health and Mercy (Cofradía y Hermandad de Tambores Enlutados del Santísimo Cristo de la Salud y Misericordia)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Major Parish Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle 
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.47 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: Black tunic and white capirote
  • Manijero: Daniel Ropero
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Francisco Luis Moreno Carmona 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Thursday, ‘Madrugada’ (early hours of Holy Thursday)
  • Brief History: 

The Brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of Health and Mercy was founded on 8th March 1955 at the Marqués de Comares Institute in Lucena, on the initiative of its headmaster, José Garzón Durán. Its identity was shaped by its student character and by its first procession, held during the Holy Thursday ‘Madrugada’ of that same year. In March 1971, the Brotherhood of Mourning Drummers of Christ of Silence was established. In 1980, the two brotherhoods merged. 

The image of the Most Holy Christ of Health and Mercy, also known as the Christ of Silence and the Christ of the Students, is an anonymous work, probably carved by a Granada religious sculptor in the final decade of the 17th century, commissioned by the School of Christ. The image is distinguished by its frontal composition and symmetry, with only the positioning of the feet introducing a subtle asymmetry. It conveys a serene and majestic representation of the dead Christ, far removed from the dramatic intensity typical of the Baroque period. The perizonium, with its elegant folds and knot tied at the right side, is adorned with a decorative band featuring alternating reddish and white stripes. The image inspires recollection, silences, and prayer, qualities that enhace both its devotional significance and its artistic beauty. 

In 1995, a new processional throne was commissioned from the founding Brotherhood member José Ropero. Inspired by the Baroque altarpieces of the Convent of Saint John of God, it was carved in cedar wood. The new basket features four altarpiece-like-panels ―at the front, rear, and sides― decorated with mouldings, cartouches bearing Passion motifs, emblems and acanthus leaves. The side panels depict scenes from the Passion arranged within recessed panels. The corner pieces and cresting were finely carved and pierced. The processional throne made its partial debut in 1999, taking part in procession with the wood left in its natural finish. In 2001, its gilding was completed using gold leaf, with both polished and shaded finishes. The cartouches and narrative scenes were subsequently polychromed and ‘estofado’ decoration was applied by Cristóbal Cubero in Priego de Córdoba.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 15 Our Lady of Sorrows - Stone Virgin (Nuestra Señora de las Angustias - Virgen de Piedra)

(Molner, B. – 1800)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Franciscan Confraternity of the Passion (Cofradía Franciscana de Pasión) 
  • Church from which the procession departs: Franciscan Convent Church Mother of God 
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.02 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 28
  • Santeros’ tunic: White tunic and maroon capirote
  • Manijero: Jesús Ramírez Arroyo 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Jesús Ramírez Arroyo 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Monday 
  • Brief History: 

The Franciscan Confraternity of the Passion traces its origins to 1576, when the former Archconfraternity of the Passion was founded. Over the centuries, however, the Brotherhood gradually declined, almost disappearing altogether during the 19th century. It was not until 1987 that efforts began to revive this historic Brotherhood. Finally, in 1992, the various Brotherhoods and their processional thrones were united into a single institution, giving rise to the present-day Franciscan Confraternity of the Passion, as it is known today. The Confraternity’s titular images are Our Father Jesus of Medinaceli, Most Holy Mary of the Passion and the Holy Souls, and the Christ of the Passion. 

Popularly known as the Stone Virgin (Virgen de Piedra), Our Lady of Sorrows  is work of Blas Molner and arrived in Lucena in 1800. The image originally belonged to the former Brotherhood of the Holy Vera Cruz and, after spending many years in the private oratory of the Villa family, was transferred to the Franciscan Convent Church of Mother of God in 1982. It processes on a silvered metal processional throne with a maroon velvet backdrop and remains one of the Brotherhood’s most cherished and emblematic devotional images.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 16 Most Holy Burial of Our Lord Jesus Christ

(Verdiguier, J.M. – 18th century)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Venerable Archconfraternity of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene (Venerable Archicofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Church of St. Peter the Martyr of Verona 
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.41 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 24
  • Santeros’ tunic: Purple tunic and capirote
  • Manijero: Fernando R. Servián. 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Juan Torres Tenllado  
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Good Friday 
  • Brief History: 

The Venerable Archconfraternity of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene was founded on 14th March 1599, although its origins date back to the early 16th century, centred on the image of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene and a now-lost Recumbent Christ, within the brotherhood of the “Great Power of God”, which was based on the Hermitage of Saint Catherine. Towards the end of the 16th century, a group of Brotherhood members established a new Brotherhood under the patronage of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene. The Brotherhood’s other titular images are: Our Lady of Succour, Saint John the Evangelist, Saint Mary Magdalene; Saint Veronica, Our Lady of the Rosary, and Saint John Paul II, none of which take part in the Great Passion Procession. Our Father Jesus the Nazarene also belongs to the Archconfraternity and will form part of the Official Cortège of the Great Passion Procession. 

The processional bier of the Holy Burial is a magnificent work of gilded woodcarving measuring 187 cm in length, 125 in width, and 200 cm in height, including ist pedestal. It stands upon a moulded pedestal with a mixtilinear plan, decorated with relief vegetal motifs and sgraffito ornamentation. Six mourning angels, carved as atlantes, support the structure. The bier is enclosed by glazed panels framed with finely carved mouldings incorporating mirrors and cherub heads. Decorative pyramids rise from the corners, while at the centre stands an orb surrounded by angelic heads. The piece was commissioned in 1796 from the religious sculptor Pedro de Mena y Gutiérrez.

The image of the Recumbent Christ, created by Miguel de Verdiguier in 1774, is a fully carved figure slightly smaller than life size. Its articulated arms were designed to allow its use in the former Descent from the Cross ceremony. This image replaced the earlier image of the Christ of the Great Power of God and was recently restored by Ana Infantes during the tenure of Head of the Brotherhood Juan Torres Tenllado.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 17 Our Lady of Solitude

(Álvarez Duarte, L. – 1988)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

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  • Brotherhood: Confraternity of Our Lady of Solitude (Cofradía de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad).
  • Church from which the procession departs: Franciscan Convent Church Mother of God (its cannonical seat is the Parish Church of Saint James the Apostle, where its procession concludes)
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.6 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 26
  • Santeros’ tunic: Black tunic and capirote
  • Manijero: Alejandro Cabrera 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Alfonso Gálvez 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Holy Saturday 
  • Brief History: 

This is the second Holy Week Brotherhood to have been established in Lucena during the 16th century. The earliest recorded dates relating to the Brotherhood are 1564, marking its foundation, and 14th May 1601, when its Constitutions were approved by Bishop Francisco Reinoso. The Brotherhood has preserved the Marian-centred character that, to a greater or lesser extent, distinguished the ancient Passion Brotherhoods of Lucena, with the sole exception of the Nazarene Archconfraternity. The Brotherhood’s titular images also include the Recumbent Christ, which is now the oldest documented image belonging to Lucena’s Passion Brotherhoods. However, it does not take part either in the Holy Week processions or in the Great Passion Procession. 

Our Lady of Solitude of Lucena is an image for dressing, created in 1988 by the renowned Sevilian religious sculptor Luis Álvarez Duarte. She depicts the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Solitude, conveying a profound sense of recollection and serenity through her expression, in keeping with her creator’s refined and distinctive style. This is an image of outstanding artistic quality, with delicately modelled features, a downcast gaze and outstretched hands. It was conceived to receive different sets of liturgical vestments according to the liturgical season or the particular processional occasion. 

The basket of the processional throne was unveiled in 2017. It is crafted in hand-chased sterling silver by the Villarreal workshop of Seville. Its design features fallen foliage against a black velvet ground, inspired by the Brotherhood’s former processional throne. Each frontal incorporates a different cartouche depicting one of the Brotherhood’s votive emblems. The canopy was unveiled in 2025 and was made by the Jesús Rosado workshop in Écija. Embroidered in fine gold thread on black velvet, its design is symmetrical and divided into four sections. At the centre of the canopy ceiling (‘gloria’) is a representation of the Brotherhood’s ceremonial staff, accompanied by a small oil-painted ‘gloria’ depicting Mary in her Solitude, together with the Marian monogram. Embroidered in fine gold thread and gold tissue, it follows the style of the Brotherhood’s Isabelline embroidery. The canopy also features a new cresting, crafted by the Orfebrería Angulo workshop, based on the same design as the sterling silver basket of the processional throne.

PROCESSIONAL THRONE No. 18 Our Father Jesus Risen

(López del Espino, F.J. – 2025)

Photograph by: Jesús Ruiz Jiménez ‘Gitanito’

Do you need more information?
  • Brotherhood: Franciscan Confraternity of Our Father Jesus Risen and Our Lady of the Angels (Cofradía Franciscana de Nuestro Padre Jesús Resucitado y Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles)
  • Church from which the procession departs: Franciscan Convent Church of Mother of God
  • Approximate procession distance: 1.02 km
  • Number of ‘santeros’: 28
  • Santeros’ tunic: White tunic and capirote
  • Manijero: Francisco Peñalver 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Francisco Peñalver 
  • Holy Week Procession Day: Easter Sunday (Although it is a Brotherhood of Glory, it forms part of Lucena’s Holy Week celebrations)
  • Brief History:

The Franciscan Confraternity of Our Father Jesus Risen and Our Lady of the Angels traces its origins to 1978, when a group of young people of Lucena, inspired by Father Rafael Flores Morante, organised a procession of the Risen Christ from the Church of Saint John the Baptist. The Brotherhood was officially founded in 1983. The Brotherhood’s titular images also include Our Lady of the Angels, although she does not take part in the Great Passion Procession. 

The image of Our Father Jesus Risen is the work of Francisco Javier López del Espino (2025), carved in royal cedar wood and polychromed in oil. It replaces the earlier image by Manuel Luque Bonillo, which had itself succeeded the Brotherhood’s original Olot image. It depicts the glorified Christ standing upon a rocky pedestal, holding an ornamented processional cross and wearing a manle finished in 24-carat gold. His expression is serene and majestic, with his right hand raised in a gesture of blessing. The image embodies hope, victory and new life, in keeping with the Brotherhood’s sober character.

The processional throne of Our Father Jesus Risen was reintroduced in 2024 following a comprehensive restoration. Executed entirely in silvered metalwork, it combines polished silver and antique silver finishes. The basket features repoussé cartouches depicting scenes from the life of Christ, together with angular mouldings and clean, well-defined profiles. The front panel features a circular relief of the Mystical Lamb, while figures of angels in attitudes of glory stand at the corners. The image of the Lord stands upon a pedestal upholstered in red, flanked by four large faceted lanterns crafted by the DECO-FRADE workshop. These elements reinforce the composition’s vertical emphasis and its refined Baroque aesthetic.

PRESIDES OVER: Our Lady of Araceli, patroness of Lucena and the Andalusian countryside

(Anonymous image – c. 1562)

Photograph by: Jesús Cañete Fernández

Position in the Great Passion Procession: Atrium of the Major Parish Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle (Plaza Nueva)

Do you need more information?
  • Brotherhood: Royal Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Araceli (Real Archicofradía de María Santísima de Araceli) 
  • Head of the Brotherhood: Gregorio Espejo Jiménez 
  • Brief History:

In Rome, the image of Saint Mary of Aracœli, together with that of Salus Populi Romani, is one of the town’s patronal images and its traditionally attributed to Saint Luke. Regarded as the oldest Marian image in Rome, it is venerated in the Basilica of Saint Mary of Aracoeli, administered by the Franciscan Order and situated beside the Capitoline Hill. Its name commemorates a heavenly vision: Hæc est Ara Cæli (“This is the Altar of Heaven”).

During his time in Rome as Philip II’s envoy, Don Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 2nd Marquess of Comares, resolved to bring to Lucena a copy of this image. He entrusted the work to two religious sculptors who, according to tradition, remained secluded for several days. When the door was finally opened, the carving appeared already completed ―so perfect that it was believed to have been fashioned by angelic hands. Guarded with the utmost care, the Marquess brought it to Spain

On the journey to Lucena the party was caught in a storm in the Sierra de Aras. At the place known as El Humilladero, the beast carrying the image refused to go any further. Interpreting this as a sign that the Virgin wished to be venerated there, a temporary hermitage was erected. It was 25th April 1562.

Two days later, Lucena celebrated the first pilgrimage in her honour, culminating in the Virgin’s solemn processional entry into the town and her enthronement on the high altar of the Parish Church of Saint James the Apostle. In 1563, her Brotherhood was founded, establishing her feast day on the first Sunday in May. Our Lady of Araceli has been the Patroness of Lucena since 1851 and its Perpetual Mayoress since 1955. She is venerated at the Royal Sanctuary of Aras 

*Documentary source of the texts appearing on this page: Notas para la historia de las cofradías lucentinas (Francisco López Salamanca – 2022), together with documentation provided by the Brotherhoods and Archconfraternities themselves.

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